/* ========================================================
   VARIABLES & SETUP
   ======================================================== */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800;900&family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,700;0,900;1,300;1,400&display=swap');

:root {
  --font-primary: 'Inter', sans-serif;
  --font-secondary: 'Merriweather', serif;
  
  --color-primary: #0A1628;
  --color-primary-light: #152A4A;
  --color-bg: #F5F7FA;
  --color-surface: #FFFFFF;
  --color-surface-alt: #F0F3F8;
  --color-surface-offset: #EAF0F6;
  --color-text-main: #1E293B;
  --color-text-muted: #475569;
  --color-accent: #1A6FB5;
  --color-accent-teal: #2A9D8F;
  --color-accent-gold: #B8944A;
  --color-border: #DDE4ED;
  --color-border-light: #E8EDF4;
  
  --shadow-xs: 0 1px 2px rgba(10,22,40,0.04);
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(10,22,40,0.06), 0 1px 2px rgba(10,22,40,0.04);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 16px rgba(10,22,40,0.06);
  --shadow-lg: 0 8px 30px rgba(10,22,40,0.08);
  --shadow-hover: 0 12px 32px rgba(10,22,40,0.1);

  --radius-sm: 3px;
  --radius-md: 8px;
  --radius-lg: 12px;
  --radius-full: 9999px;

  --space-4: 1rem;
  --space-6: 1.5rem;
  --space-8: 2rem;

  --text-xs: 0.75rem;
  
  --spacing-xs: 0.5rem;
  --spacing-sm: 1rem;
  --spacing-md: 2rem;
  --spacing-lg: 3rem;
  --spacing-xl: 5rem;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html.lenis, html.lenis body {
  height: auto;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  background-color: var(--color-surface);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-height: 100vh;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

main {
  flex: 1; 
}

p {
  max-width: 72ch;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: var(--font-secondary);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

h2 { font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.25rem); }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 1.5rem); }

.font-merriweather {
  font-family: var(--font-secondary);
}

a {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.15s ease-in-out;
}

a:hover, a:focus {
  color: var(--color-primary);
}

/* Global Focus State for Accessibility */
*:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

ul {
  list-style-position: inside;
}

/* ========================================================
   UTILITIES
   ======================================================== */
.container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
}

.section {
  padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
}

.bg-white { background-color: var(--color-surface); }
.bg-light { background-color: var(--color-bg); }
.bg-navy { 
  background-color: var(--color-primary); 
  color: #FFFFFF; 
}
.bg-navy h1, .bg-navy h2, .bg-navy h3, .bg-navy h4, .bg-navy p {
  color: #FFFFFF;
}

.text-center { text-align: center; }
.text-muted { color: var(--color-text-muted); }
.text-white { color: #FFFFFF; }
.text-accent { color: var(--color-accent); }

.mt-1 { margin-top: var(--spacing-sm); }
.mt-2 { margin-top: var(--spacing-md); }
.mt-3 { margin-top: var(--spacing-lg); }
.mb-1 { margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm); }
.mb-2 { margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md); }
.mb-3 { margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg); }
.pt-0 { padding-top: 0; }
.pb-0 { padding-bottom: 0; }
.pb-3 { padding-bottom: var(--spacing-lg); }

.w-100 { width: 100%; }

hr.divider {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
}
hr.divider-accent {
  width: 60px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-accent);
  margin: var(--spacing-md) 0;
}
hr.divider-center {
  width: 60px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-accent);
  margin: var(--spacing-md) auto;
}
.divider-signal {
  border: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--color-accent) 0%, transparent 100%);
  margin: var(--spacing-md) 0;
  opacity: 0.5;
}
.bg-grid {
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 86, 179, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px),
                    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 86, 179, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 20px 20px;
}
.bg-dot-matrix {
  background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(0, 86, 179, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 15px 15px;
}

/* Screen Reader Only */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

/* ========================================================
   NAVIGATION
   ======================================================== */
.site-header {
  background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}
.site-header.scrolled {
  box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(10,22,40,0.06);
}

.site-header .container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  height: 72px;
}

.logo {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.main-nav ul {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  gap: 1.75rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.main-nav a {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.main-nav a:hover, .main-nav a.active {
  color: var(--color-primary);
  border-bottom-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.mobile-toggle {
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  padding: 0.25rem;
}

/* ========================================================
   BUTTONS & LINKS
   ======================================================== */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  text-align: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.btn-primary {
  background-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(10,22,40,0.15);
}

.btn-primary:hover, .btn-primary:focus {
  background-color: var(--color-primary-light);
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(10,22,40,0.2);
}

.btn-secondary {
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  border-color: var(--color-border);
}

.btn-secondary:hover, .btn-secondary:focus {
  background-color: var(--color-surface-alt);
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.btn-accent {
  background-color: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(26,111,181,0.2);
}

.btn-accent:hover, .btn-accent:focus {
  background-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.btn-sm {
  padding: 0.45rem 0.9rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.icon-arrow-right::after {
  content: '→';
  margin-left: 8px;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}

.btn:hover .icon-arrow-right::after, 
a:hover .icon-arrow-right::after {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* ========================================================
   GRID & CARDS
   ======================================================== */
.grid-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: var(--spacing-lg);
  align-items: start;
}

.grid-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  align-items: start;
}

.align-center {
  align-items: center;
}

.card {
  background-color: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  border-radius: 16px;
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1);
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
}

.card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--color-accent), var(--color-accent-teal));
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
}

.card:hover, .card:focus-within {
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  border-color: rgba(26,111,181,0.2);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

.card:hover::before, .card:focus-within::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.card-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--color-primary);
}

.card-body { flex: 1; }

.card-footer {
  margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
  padding-top: var(--spacing-sm);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.card-flat {
  background-color: transparent;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.card-flat:hover {
  box-shadow: none;
  transform: none;
}

/* ========================================================
   BADGES & STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
   ======================================================== */
.badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  background-color: rgba(26,111,181,0.08);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
  border: none;
}

.badge-accent {
  background-color: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.badge-gold {
  background-color: var(--color-accent-gold);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--color-accent-gold);
}

.img-placeholder {
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  border: 1px dashed #A0AEC0;
  border-radius: 4px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 2rem;
  min-height: 300px; 
}
.img-placeholder img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* ========================================================
   TYPOGRAPHY SCALES (Fluid with clamp)
   ======================================================== */
/* .hero base styles defined in HERO EDITORIAL LAYOUT section below */

.hero-subtitle {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(0.85rem, 1.5vw, 1rem);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  display: block;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

/* Item 2: Reduced hero title weight and size */
h1.hero-title {
  font-family: var(--font-primary) !important;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 2.3rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  max-width: 600px;
}

/* Item 3: Slightly smaller hero description */
.hero-desc {
  font-size: clamp(0.875rem, 1.3vw, 0.95rem);
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  max-width: 600px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* ========================================================
   HERO EDITORIAL LAYOUT
   ======================================================== */

/* Hero section needs an explicit min-height so the grid row has a defined height */
.hero {
  padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
  background: linear-gradient(175deg, var(--color-surface) 0%, var(--color-surface-alt) 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
  position: relative;
  min-height: 600px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.hero .container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100%;
}

/* Full-bleed 2-col editorial grid — left text, right portrait */
.hero-editorial-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.05fr 0.95fr;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .hero-editorial-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
  }
  .hero-editorial-visual {
    order: -1;
    height: 380px;
  }
}

/* Right portrait column: sized, positioned so abs children work */
.hero-editorial-visual {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 520px;
  overflow: visible;
}

/* Portrait atmospheric glow behind image */
.portrait-layer-wrapper {
  position: absolute;
  top: -60px;
  left: -40px;
  right: -40px;
  bottom: -40px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: flex-end;
  overflow: visible;
}

.portrait-atmosphere {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 40% 20%, rgba(26, 111, 181, 0.15) 0%, transparent 60%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 60% 80%, rgba(42, 157, 143, 0.12) 0%, transparent 60%);
  filter: blur(50px);
  z-index: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Portrait — tall, large, fills the right side prominently */
.portrait-sharp {
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
  height: 100%;
  max-height: 640px;
  min-height: 480px;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center bottom;
  z-index: 2;
  display: block;
  /* Gentle left-edge and bottom fade to merge with background */
  -webkit-mask-image:
    linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, black 12%, black 100%),
    linear-gradient(to top, transparent 0%, black 6%, black 100%);
  mask-image:
    linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, black 12%, black 100%),
    linear-gradient(to top, transparent 0%, black 6%, black 100%);
  -webkit-mask-composite: destination-in;
  mask-composite: intersect;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: none;
  filter: drop-shadow(-12px 0 40px rgba(10, 22, 40, 0.1));
}

.portrait-micro-label {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  background: rgba(10, 22, 40, 0.8);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
  padding: 0.6rem 1.1rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.15rem;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}
.portrait-micro-label strong {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  text-transform: none;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.portrait-micro-label.bottom-right {
  bottom: 8%;
  right: 0.5rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .portrait-micro-label.bottom-right {
    right: 0;
    bottom: 2%;
  }
}

.hero-tags {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.editorial-chip {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.4rem 1.2rem;
  background: rgba(42, 157, 143, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(42, 157, 143, 0.2);
  border-radius: 100px;
  color: var(--color-accent-teal);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
}

.hero-credential-strip {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
  padding-top: var(--spacing-sm);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}
.cred-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.cred-icon {
  display: block;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

h1.page-title {
  font-family: var(--font-primary) !important;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.page-subtitle {
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2vw, 1.25rem);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85); 
  max-width: 800px;
  margin-top: var(--spacing-sm);
}

/* ========================================================
   TRUST BAR
   ======================================================== */
.trust-bar {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-primary) 0%, #0E2240 100%);
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  border-bottom: none;
}

.trust-flex {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-lg);
}

.trust-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.trust-item strong {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* ========================================================
   PUBLICATION LIST
   ======================================================== */
.pub-item {
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0 var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-sm);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-left: 2px solid transparent;
  transition: border-left-color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;
}

.pub-item:hover, .pub-item:focus-within {
  border-left-color: var(--color-accent);
  background-color: rgba(0, 86, 179, 0.015);
}

.pub-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.pub-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.pub-authors {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.pub-meta {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

/* ========================================================
   FOOTER
   ======================================================== */
.site-footer {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--color-primary) 0%, #060E1A 100%);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
  margin-top: auto;
}

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: var(--spacing-lg);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.footer-col h4 {
  color: #fff;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.footer-col ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.footer-col ul li { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }

.footer-col a { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); }
.footer-col a:hover, .footer-col a:focus { color: #fff; }

.footer-bottom {
  text-align: center;
  padding-top: var(--spacing-md);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

/* ========================================================
   RESPONSIVE
   ======================================================== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .grid-2, .grid-3, .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: var(--spacing-md); }
  
  .site-header .container { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  
  .mobile-toggle { display: block; }
  
  .main-nav {
    display: none;
    width: 100%;
    background: var(--color-surface);
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
  }
  
  .main-nav.active { display: block; }
  
  .main-nav ul { flex-direction: column; gap: 0; }
  
  .main-nav a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.8rem var(--spacing-sm);
    border-bottom: none;
    border-left: 3px solid transparent;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
  
  .main-nav a:hover, .main-nav a.active {
    border-left-color: var(--color-accent);
    background-color: var(--color-surface-alt);
  }

  .hero { padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0; }
  .section { padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0; }
  .hero-title { font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 6vw, 2.5rem); }
  .stat-number { font-size: 2rem; }
  .trust-flex { justify-content: center; gap: var(--spacing-sm); }
  .trust-item { font-size: 0.82rem; }
}

/* ========================================================
   ANIMATIONS (Subtle Scroll Reveals)
   ======================================================== */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .reveal {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(16px);
    transition: opacity 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1), transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1);
  }
  .reveal.active {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
  .ping-anim {
    transform-origin: center;
    animation: ping 2.5s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) infinite;
  }
}

@keyframes ping {
  0% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0.8; }
  75%, 100% { transform: scale(2); opacity: 0; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .reveal, .reveal.active {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }
  .ping-anim {
    animation: none !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
  }
}

/* Scroll progress indicator */
.scroll-progress {
  position: fixed;
  top: 72px;
  left: 0;
  width: 3px;
  height: 0%;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--color-accent-teal), var(--color-accent));
  z-index: 999;
  transition: height 0.1s linear;
  border-radius: 0 0 2px 0;
}

/* Cursor glow (desktop) */
.cursor-glow {
  position: fixed;
  width: 280px;
  height: 280px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(42,157,143,0.06) 0%, transparent 70%);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .cursor-glow { display: none; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .cursor-glow { display: none; }
}

/* ========================================================
   JOURNAL STRIP & IMPACT MOTIF
   ======================================================== */
/* Item 5: Journal strip — stronger visual presence */
.journal-strip {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,22,40,0.03) 0%, rgba(42,157,143,0.05) 100%);
  padding: 4rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.journal-strip-label {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.3em;
  color: var(--color-accent-teal);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Item 5: Journal brand names — stronger contrast, teal hover */
.journal-brand {
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  opacity: 0.72;
  filter: none;
  transition: all 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1);
  cursor: default;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  display: inline-block;
  padding-bottom: 2px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

.journal-brand:hover {
  opacity: 1;
  color: var(--color-accent-teal);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-bottom-color: var(--color-accent-teal);
}

.journey-draw-path, .timeline-draw-line {
  transition: stroke-dashoffset 0.1s linear;
}

.journal-logos {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 3.5rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.no-js .journey-draw-path, .no-js .timeline-draw-line {
  stroke-dashoffset: 0 !important;
}

/* ========================================================
   RESEARCH CHRONICLE STRIP (About Page — editorial style)
   ======================================================== */

/* The hairline rail running across the section background */
.chronicle-rail {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; right: 0;
  top: 1.5rem; /* Placed near the top */
  transform: none;
  height: 1px;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.chronicle-beam {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to right,
    transparent 0%,
    rgba(184,144,71,0.18) 10%,
    rgba(184,144,71,0.18) 90%,
    transparent 100%);
}
/* Traveling light signal — pure CSS, safe, no JS needed */
.chronicle-signal {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: -20%;
  width: 20%; height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(to right,
    transparent 0%,
    rgba(212,175,55,0.9) 50%,
    transparent 100%);
  animation: signal-travel 6s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1) infinite;
  animation-delay: 1s;
}
@keyframes signal-travel {
  0%   { left: -20%; }
  100% { left: 120%; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .chronicle-signal { animation: none !important; display: none; }
}

/* Milestone grid */
.chronicle-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  align-items: stretch;
}

/* Base unit */
.chronicle-unit {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* The minimal dot sitting on the rail */
.chronicle-dot {
  position: absolute;
  top: 1.5rem; /* Matches rail position */
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 5px; height: 5px;
  background: rgba(184, 144, 71, 0.55);
  border-radius: 50%;
  z-index: 2;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(184,144,71,0.12);
  transition: background 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
}
/* Active node — slightly more presence on hover */
.chronicle-wrap:hover .chronicle-dot {
  background: rgba(184, 144, 71, 0.75);
}
/* Current / active marker */
.chronicle-dot--current {
  width: 7px; height: 7px;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(184,144,71,0.15), 0 0 8px rgba(184,144,71,0.25);
}

.chronicle-body {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 4rem; /* Keeps all text safely below the rail */
}

/* Typography — integrated year numeral acting as display accent */
.chronicle-year {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  /* Slightly more visible for readability without feeling bold */
  opacity: 0.14;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}
.chronicle-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.chronicle-location {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem 0;
}
.chronicle-desc {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem 0;
}
.chronicle-degree {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--color-navy);
  opacity: 0.65;
  margin: 0;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* Gentle hover lift — editorial feel, restrained */
.chronicle-body:hover .chronicle-year {
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 0.5s ease;
}
.chronicle-unit:hover .chronicle-dot {
  background: var(--color-accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(184,144,71,0.18);
  transition: background 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
}

/* Mobile fallback — single column vertical */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .chronicle-rail {
    /* Reorient to vertical left edge */
    left: 20px; right: auto;
    top: 0; bottom: 0;
    width: 1px; height: 100%;
    transform: none;
  }
  .chronicle-beam {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom,
      transparent 0%,
      rgba(184,144,71,0.25) 15%,
      rgba(184,144,71,0.25) 85%,
      transparent 100%);
  }
  .chronicle-signal { display: none; }
  .chronicle-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    min-height: 0;
    padding-left: 48px;
  }
  .chronicle-unit {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
  .chronicle-body {
    margin-top: 0; /* Reset margin for vertical layout */
  }
  .chronicle-dot,
  .chronicle-dot--current {
    left: -28px; /* Alignment with the 20px rail (48 - 28 = 20) */
    top: 0.5rem;
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* ========================================================
   DOT NAVIGATION (Fixed Desktop Side)
   ======================================================== */
.dot-nav {
  position: fixed;
  right: 1.5rem;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  z-index: 1000;
  display: flex;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .dot-nav {
    display: none !important;
  }
}

.dot-nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.dot-nav a {
  display: block;
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background-color: var(--color-border);
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
  position: relative;
}

.dot-nav a:hover, .dot-nav a:focus, .dot-nav a.active {
  background-color: var(--color-accent);
  transform: scale(1.2);
}

.dot-nav a::before {
  content: attr(aria-label);
  position: absolute;
  right: 24px;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  background-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.dot-nav a:hover::before, .dot-nav a:focus::before {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

/* ========================================================
   MODAL STYLES
   ======================================================== */
.modal-overlay {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
  background-color: rgba(11, 25, 44, 0.85); /* var(--color-primary) base */
  z-index: 9999;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: var(--spacing-md);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease, visibility 0.3s ease;
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}

.modal-overlay.active {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

.modal-container {
  background-color: var(--color-surface);
  border-radius: 6px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 800px;
  max-height: 90vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
  transform: translateY(20px) scale(0.98);
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

.modal-overlay.active .modal-container {
  transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
}

.modal-header {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.modal-content {
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
}

.btn-close {
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0;
  transition: color 0.15s ease;
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-close:hover, .btn-close:focus {
  color: var(--color-primary);
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-accent);
}

.modal-pub-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
.modal-pub-list li {
  padding: 1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.modal-pub-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.modal-pub-list li a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  word-break: break-all;
}

.hover-lift {
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}
.hover-lift:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

/* ========================================================
   HERO TAGS & STATS
   ======================================================== */
.hero-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.tag {
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: 50px;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.tag:hover {
  background-color: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.stats-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 960px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding-top: var(--spacing-lg);
  align-items: start;
  justify-content: center;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .stats-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem 1rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .stats-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem 1rem;
  }
}

.stat-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0 0.5rem;
  height: 100%;
}

.stat-number {
  font-family: var(--font-secondary);
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  display: block;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
  max-width: 130px;
}

/* ========================================================
   JOURNAL COVERS & HIGHLIGHTS
   ======================================================== */
.journal-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.journal-grid-scroll {
  display: flex !important;
  flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  cursor: grab;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
}
.journal-grid-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}
.journal-grid-scroll .journal-card {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 260px;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .journal-grid-scroll .journal-card {
    width: 220px;
  }
}

.journal-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.journal-img-container {
  aspect-ratio: 3/4;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.journal-img-container img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.journal-placeholder {
  padding: 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--font-secondary);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  opacity: 0.7;
}

.highlight-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.highlight-card {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--color-accent);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  height: 100%;
}

.highlight-card p {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ========================================================
   JOURNAL STRIP SEPARATOR
   ======================================================== */

/* ========================================================
   ADDITIONAL EDITORIAL FEATURE CARDS (text-only covers)
   ======================================================== */
.editorial-card {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: var(--space-6);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.editorial-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.editorial-card .editorial-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 2px 10px;
  background: var(--color-surface-offset);
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  width: fit-content;
}
.editorial-card .editorial-journal {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin: 0;
}
.editorial-card .editorial-title {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

/* ========================================================
   GRANT CARD SURFACE FIX
   ======================================================== */
.grant-card {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: var(--space-6);
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.grant-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* ========================================================
   TIMELINE CARD SURFACE FIX (non-current roles)
   ======================================================== */
.timeline-card {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: var(--space-6);
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.timeline-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.timeline-card .timeline-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 2px 10px;
  background: var(--color-surface-offset);
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  width: fit-content;
}
.timeline-card-current {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--color-accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: var(--space-6);
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.timeline-card-current:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* ========================================================
   RESEARCH PILLAR CARD SURFACE FIX
   ======================================================== */
.pillar-card {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: var(--space-6);
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.pillar-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.pillar-card .pillar-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 2px 10px;
  background: var(--color-surface-offset);
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  width: fit-content;
}

/* Collaboration section spacing fix */
.collab-section {
  margin-top: var(--space-8) !important;
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

/* ========================================================
   PRINT STYLESHEET
   ======================================================== */
@media print {
  /* Hide unnecessary UI elements */
  .site-header, .site-footer, .hero-actions, .mobile-toggle, .btn, .trust-bar {
    display: none !important;
  }
  
  /* Force white background, black text */
  body, main, .section, .bg-navy, .bg-light, .bg-white, .card, .card-flat {
    background: #FFFFFF !important;
    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;
    color: #000000 !important;
  }

  /* Adjust typography colors */
  h1, h2, h3, h4, .text-white, .text-muted, .text-accent, p {
    color: #000000 !important;
  }
  
  /* Remove borders and shadows that look bad in print */
  .card, .section, hr.divider {
    border: none !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
  }
  
  hr.divider-accent, hr.divider-center {
    border-top: 1px solid #000 !important;
    width: 100%;
  }

  /* Reset layout constraints for paper */
  .container {
    padding: 0 !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    width: 100% !important;
  }
  
  .section {
    padding: 1rem 0 !important;
  }

  /* Page break logic for cleanliness */
  h2, h3, article, .card, .pub-item {
    page-break-inside: avoid;
    break-inside: avoid;
  }
  
  h1, h2 {
    page-break-after: avoid;
    break-after: avoid;
  }

  /* Expand hidden links for reference */
  a[href^="http"]::after {
    content: " (" attr(href) ")";
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #000;
  }
  
  .img-placeholder {
    border: 1px solid #ccc !important;
    min-height: auto !important;
    padding: 2rem !important;
  }
}




/* ========================================================
   HOMEPAGE REFINEMENT PATCH - items 4, 6, 7
   ======================================================== */

/* Item 4: Stats row - centered 6-column balanced grid */
.stats-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.stat-card {
  padding: 2.25rem 1.25rem;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.stat-card:last-child { border-right: none; }

.stat-number {
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 3.5vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  line-height: 1;
  display: block;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  display: block;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .stats-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
  .stat-card:nth-child(3) { border-right: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .stats-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .stat-card:nth-child(2), .stat-card:nth-child(4) { border-right: none; }
  .stat-card:nth-child(3) { border-right: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
}

/* Item 6: Research Strategy badge labels - teal accent */
#research .badge {
  background-color: rgba(42, 157, 143, 0.1);
  color: var(--color-accent-teal);
  border: 1px solid rgba(42, 157, 143, 0.22);
}

/* Item 6: Research card - stronger lift on hover */
#research .card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-8px);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 48px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  border-color: rgba(42, 157, 143, 0.25);
}

/* Item 7: Collaboration card - tighter padding */
section.bg-light.text-center .card {
  padding: 1.5rem 2rem !important;
}